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08-23-1977 Supporting DocumentsAML MINUTES N!► 1432 REGULAR MEETING A Regular Meeting of the City Council of the City of Clermont was held in the Council ChaMayor eClaudeTE Tuesday, August Withlthe following The owingt members present: Councilmen Honey was called to order at 7:30 Mandy Blackburn. Other officials present were: City Manager Tiffany, City Attorney Baird, Finance Director Sanchez, Director of Public Works Smythe, and City Engineer Springstead. Others present were Mesdames Smith, Baird, Ms. Maureen Hurd; and the Messrs. Prunier, Doub, Graber, Matthews, Searles, VanderMeer, Saunders, Young, Cole, and Judy. Mr. Joe Sanchez, Sentinel/Star representative was also presnet. The Invocation was offered by Mr. Smythe, followed by repeating of the Pledge of Alle- glance in unison by those present. The Minutes of the Regular Meeting held August 9, 1977 were approved as written. TELEPROMPTER FRANCHISE Mr. Jay Doub, Teleprompter District Manager, appeared before Council in support of a proposed ordinance which would amend the City's current fran- chise agreement with Teleprompter Southeast, Inc. Following discussion of the proposed ordinance, it was the consensus of Council that the City Manager and City Attorney prepare an amending ordinance to incorporate a rate change proceedure; a section to remove limitations on types of services on which franchise fees may be levied; and a provision for a specific type franchise; for Council's consideration at their meeting to be held on September 13. Mr. Doub was requested to forward Council any information that directly addresses the points contained in the proposed amendment. DUMP ALL RATE ADJUSTMENT Mr. Bernard Prunier appeared before Council in support of a request by Dump All, Inc., for a 17.5% rate increase for container waste service, advising he felt such increase necessary because of recent inflationary trends. It was consensus that Mr. Prunier supply additional information with regards comparison prices of similar type services offered within the county and in Orange county, to justify the desired rate increase and submit for Council's consideration on September 13, 1977. City Manager Tiffany was requested to notify the local Dump All customers of the requested rate increase. BOWMAN STREET EASEMENT Mr. Max Judy appeared before Council in support of a proposed ordinance which would abandon an easement over a portion of Bowman Street, now closed. Councilman Blackburn introduced Ali ORDINANCE UNDER THE CODE OF ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CLERMONT, LAKE COUNTY, FLORIDA, ABANDONING AN EASEMENT OVER A PORTION OF BOWMAN STREET DESCRIBED HEREIN, ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL MAP OF THE CITY OF CLERMONT, RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 8, PAGES 7 TO 23 INCLUSIVE, PUBLIC RECORDS OF LAKE COUNTY, FLORIDA, PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE AND PROVIDING FOR PUBLICATION, and the ORDINANCE was read by Deputy Clerk Smith for a first reading by title only. Mr. Judy further advised that following his previous request to purchase 75' of the proposed abandoned easement, he now desired to purchase an additional 25' in order to further enhance the appearance of the property. Motion was made by Mayor Smoak, seconded by Councilman Honey, and unanimously carried that City Manager Tiffany and City Attorney Baird be authorized to prepare the necessary legal documents for publishing the City's offer for sale of up to 130 feet west of the center line of the now closed portion of Bowman Street including the closed portion of the street belonging to the City, between Highway 50 and Highland Avenue. MINUTES ES N9 1433 1977-78 BUDGET City Manager Tiffany reported that the proposed 1977-78 budget is being finalized for distribution within the next few days, and recommended that a work session be scheduled to discuss same. Mayor Smoak thereupon called a Work Meeting of Council to be held in the office of the City Manager on Tuesday, August 30th at 7:30 P.M. MAYOR'S REPORT Mayor Smoak reported that the Lake County League of Cities held a work meeting on the Road & Bridge Tax on August 15th, and a decision will be forthcoming from the League of Cities Board of Directors on a position to be submitted for the County Commissioners consideration. MARSHLAND STUDY Following discussion on a proposal submitted to Council from Drs. Bayley and Zoltek for a 15-month extension of the marshland study, at a cost of $57,000, in which Mayor Smoak recommended that the Council earmark $14,250 from special funds presently on hand and designate it for Utility Capital Improvements to fund 25% of this proposal, motion was made by Councilman Blackburn, seconded by Councilman Honey, and unanimously carried that the City participate in this funding and guarantee to EPA that funds in the amount of $14,250 are available for this project, and that funds be earmarked as recommended by the Mayor. SUNSET LAKE SEDIMENT BASIN Mayor Smoak reported that he appeared before the Lake County Pollution Control Board on August 15 concerning the proposed water retention basin at Sunset Lake; that the Pollution Control Board agreed to reclassify the lake from existing class 3-A to a classification that would allow the lake to receive runoff from the highway, providing that a trash catcher and oil skimmer are installed. Following discussion, motion was made by Councilman Blackburn, seconded by­::;uncilman Honey and carried, that the Lake County Pollution Contrul Board be petitioned to reclassify Sunset Lake from a 3-A classification to a classification suitable to accept non -point pollution sources. Mayor Smoak requested that the Department of Transportation be notified of City Council action and also official action of the Lake County Pollution Control Board. BROOME STREET EXTENSION City Engineer Springstead reported to Council that the design phase of the Broome Street Extension has been completed; that it comprised approximately 1100 feet of pavement and involves curb and gutter on each side of the street; That a drainage system consisting of two catch basins with infiltration type structures, and two direct inlets into the ditch at the east end, have been incorporated. Following inquiry from the Chair with regards Lake County Pollution Control Board approval of the direct inlet drainage to Lake Palat- lakaha, motion was made by Mayor Smoak, seconded by Councilman Blackburn and unanimously carried that the City Council authorize the City Manager to advertise for bids on the project as soon as required permits are obtained. SR 50 UTILITIES RELOCATION City Engineer Springstead reported that plans for utilities relocation on Highway 50 were 85-90Z complete and that the Department of Transportation is not requiring casing for utility crossings under the new portion of the Highway through the City. MINuns N41434 Mayor Smoak asked if the 1977-78 budget would provide funds for this work. City Manager Tiffany recommended that this cost be paid out of the Improvement, Repair and Replacement Fund which is a reserve account set by bond issue. CLOSED LANDFILL LEASE Mr. Fred Saunders appeared before Council in support of his request to lease the city owned closed landfill in Groveland Farms for agricultural purposes. Following discussion of the proposed lease agreement, motion was made by Councilman Blackburn, seconded by Councilman Honey and unanimously carried that the City Attorney incorporate into the proposed lease a 12-month notice of lease concellation by the City, the elimination of a portion of the cancellation clause relating to capital improvements, a requirement that the lessee pay all ad valorem taxes on the property, and a requirement that the lessee maintain a minimum $1,000,000 liability insurance. Mr. Saunders was requested to report to the City Manager the acceptance of the minimum liability level and proposing an effective date. PAYMENT OF BILLS Motion was made by Councilman Blackburn, seconded by Councilman Honey, and carried that the bills be paid. A copy is attached hereto. ORDINANCES City Engineer Springstead reported that conditions as submitted by the Planning`, and Zoning Commission and City Council have been substantially complied with - for the Preliminary Plan phase of development for the Minnehaha Shores Subdivision as proposed by Mr. Richard Swann, whereupon Councilman Honey offered' and moved the adoption of AN ORDINANCE UNDER THE CODE OF ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CLERMONT, LAKE COUNTY, FLORIDA, AMENDING THE OFFICIAL ZONING MAP OF THE CITY OF CLERMONT, FLORIDA, REFERRED TO IN SECTION 26-1 OF APPENDIX A OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES: RE -ZONING THE REAL PROPERTY DESCRIBED HEREIN FROM R-3-A AND C-2 CLASSIFICATION TO R-1 ZONING CLASSIFICATION: REPEALING ALL ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT HEREWITH: PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY: PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE: AND PROVIDING FOR PUBLICATION, and the motion was seconded by Councilman Blackburn. The ORDINANCE was read for a second and final reading by Deputy Clerk Smith, by title only, and upon roll call vote on passage of the motion, the result was: Ayes: Honey, Blackburn and Smoak. Total Ayes: Three. Nayes: None. Absent: Schroedel and Byrd. So the ORDINANCE was adopted and the number 161-C assigned to it. There being no further business to be brought before the Council at this time, the meeting was adjourned by Mayor Smoak at 9:00 P.M. 2z 4 ��-(,- --- I , CLAUDE SMOAK, JR. MAYOR ATTEST: 1 DOE ES W. CARROLL - ITT -CLERK TO: City Council FROM: City Manager SUBJECT: Marshland Study DATE: August 4, 1977 The University of Florida researchers are applying for Federal funding to extend our Marshland project through a second growing season. It is highly desirable from our City's point of view for this project to be extended. A second year will greatly increase the reliability and usefulness of the data being collected. Problems caused by unusually dry conditions in the marsh this season would probably be eliminated by a second year of study. To qualify for Federal funding, local sources must pledge 25% of the project cost for the second year, amounting to $14,000. It is necessary that this pledge be made soon so the grant application can _. be made. I recommend that you authorize me to write a letter in support of the grant application pledging $14,000 local participation in a second year of the marshland study, from funds already earmarked for "effluent disposal". We would seek participation from other local sources (County, Water Authority, etc.) in the study to reduce the amount of City funds needed. Gordon Tiffany cc: City Clerk (8/9/77 Agenda) CENTER FOR WETLANDS Gainesville, Florida 32611 904•392.2424 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Phelps lab August 15, 1977 T1se Honorable Claude E. Smoak Mayor City of Clermont 1 Westgate Plaza Clermont, Florida 32711 Dear Claude: Forwarded herewith is a copy of the proposal that we are planning on submitting to the EPA or some other finding agency. Suzanne has not had an opportunity to review this typed draft, so it may bo changed slightly before submittal. If you compare the budget for this proposal with the previous budget for the original proposal, you will note that it has increased by $22,000. Over $21,000 of this increase is reflected in salaries and fringe benefits — - ($7,650) and overhead ($13,511). In our original proposal to initiate the project the overhead (indirect costs) were computed on 10% of the total project costs. The University made an exception in the first proposal and allowed us to do this, but that was a unique case and we cannot do it again. Normal overhead is computed at the rate of 51% of the salaries and fringe benefits. The increase in salaries was due to both inflation and the necessity of hiring more casual labor to assist in sampling and analysis. We are submitting this proposal in the names of Dr. Zoltok and Dr. Bayley, but as you know there is a possibility that Dr. Bayley may not return to the University of Florida after her one year leave. In that event, Dr. H.T. Odum has agreed to take her place as co -principal investigator once it is definite that she will not return. I am presently investigating the possibilities of other funding sources if the EPA is not interested, and I will keep you up-to-date if anything along these lines develops. It is important that we submit this proposal to the EPA as soon as possible, so if you or if any of your staff have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. With most sincere personal regards, 4YohnLZolte�*EPh..D Associate Professor; Suzanne E. Bayley, Ph.D. Assistant Professor JZ/vd cc: H.T. Odum T. Dolan EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER Proposal to the City of Clermont, Florida REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS FROM 'TREATED MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER BY FRESHWATER MARSHES Submitted by John 2oltek and Suzanne Bayley Co -Principal Investigators Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences and Center for Wetlands University of Florida Gainesville, Fla:' 32611 777777�- r PROJECT OBJf:CrIws Purpose of Project 11ne purpose of this project Sa to determine the dogroe of removal of nutrients from secondary effluent by marshlands. It is already known that freshwater marshlands remove nutrients (Boyt,ot al., 1977) but the acceptable loading rates are not known. Clermont, Florida, a small city of 3500 persons, has funded a project to determine the loading rate of treated effluent in the freshwater marshes adjacent to the town. 11iis project started February 1977, and ends May 1978. Tho project costs included $35,000 for the study and $15,000 for construction at the experimental site. The finances for the project have been exclusively from county sources. This study should be continued because the data gathered this year reflect the abnormally low water levels that have been experienced clue to the severe drought in northern Florida. Need for the Project Clermont is* located in Lake County, Florida. It has a secondary sewage treatment plant of 0.6 mgd capacity, which is presently receiving about 0.35 mgd of flow. It has an excellent BOD removal of between 95- 99%, but it does not have an adequate location to discard its treated sewage. About 0.25 mgd of the secondary effluent is disposed of by spray irrigation and percolation pond discharge, with the remaining 0.15 mgd flowing into the adjacent marsh area. 1 z Much of the affluent that is sprayed in the upland flows .into the marsh.. 11to marsh has rospondod to these increased nutrients with an increase in biomass, shown in 'rnblo 1. The Lake County Pollution Control Board and the State Department of Environmental Regulation have indicated that the spray irrigation method of disposal is presently at too high a rate and must be lowered. 'l1w Board prefers that a spray irrigation system be duvuloped at a site about two miles away from the existing treatment site; 'I1to piping, land and miscellaneous costs for the spray system would be over 1 million dollars. Clearly, a city as small as Clermont would be hard pressed to finance such an endeavor. For this reason the city funded the first year of this study. Utility of the Proiect The purpose of the study is to determine the loading rates of secondary effluent that can be effectively utilized by typical south- eastern marshes. This will be accomplished by isolating portions of the adjacent marshland and introducing secondary effluent at different loading rates in order to ascertain the rate at which the marshland vegetation and soils can reduce the nutrients in the sewage to the same levels as the adjacent rivers and lakes. Changes'in vegetation type, water quality and nutrients in vegetation, soil and water will be measured to ascertain and appropriate loading rates. The marsh species present are species typical of many southern marshes -- pickerel weed, Pontederia cordata; arrow root, Saggitaria lancifolia; and various grasses, (I'ancium sL.). Long term impacts will be studied using modelling techniques. 3 Table 1. Biomass of the marsh in Clermont. The three sampling sites in- clude: adjacent to the polishing pond (H); low nutrient marsh near the sewage plant (L); and the county owned niarsh near a sand mine (S). Living X S.U. S.E. Dead z S.D. S.E. Total x S.D. S.E. Standing Crop (Oct. 30, 1976) g/m2 Sample Ill, 2, 3 L1, 2, 3, 4 S1, 2, 3, 4 477.7 328.5 247.0 129.6 62.9 70.5 74.8 31.5 35.3 368.8 436.2 125.8 154.6 72.7 77.3 846.5 764.7 248.7 108.4 143.6 54.2 Pogo go f1 ' Cov-'f°f _ I:� �rrrrrr,�r-r-r7i •: PLA\T: t. -- 'So;::JS a7 i Fi u 'I F,: Qt l Q y r. ct., ` f 1 and ara �)•rn(Sr}-}-� • �' P(•"�Pi rQ� •.}7(OlS �, of ��F•r Mo'' sp � •. G �0oo-1'iDrt. p� C Y.P o o, P,• � rl.. C�i � o..n7'� S ���Jt'ie'�- C -(:,�r S }?ii on s uJ 141+ rc.S pe< r §aiiificanco of tlw Prujoct Once 'the ❑ccuptnblo loading ratua tire duterminud, the town or Clermont can dosign nn irrigation system using the marshland that it owns. This research is of critical importance to the town as indicated in the attached letter, Many other small communities in the southeast arc located near freshwater marshes which can be used for tertiary waste treatment if the loading rates were known. The data gathered hero can also be used by developers who would build small marshes adjacent to new communities and secondary treatment plants to remove the excess nutrients. Permitting agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency and the State Department of Environmental Regulation and State Water Mfanagemant Districts, can use data on loading rates to evaluate permit applications for various types of developments. ESTIMATED DURATION DP 711E PROJECT The project is expected to run for an additional 15 months -- this is a continuation of a project that already has been committed (February 1977 to May 1978). The first phase included construction of the test areas and performing initial analyses for background data. Species identification of aquatic plants and chemical and biological analysis for background data were run before any sewage effluent was introduced. This phase took approximately three months for completion. The second phase of the study began after the test areas were operating under the conditions for which they were designed. At this point, the regular sampling program began, with a field crew making monthly chemical and biological analyses. 6 '11io proposed atudy will continue the ehumienl, biological, and hydrological analyses for at lunst 13 months with 2 additional months for writing tho report. SCOPE OF WORK Experimental Site Tho sewage plant is located ndjacont to an 80 acre marsh owned by the City of Clermont. '[leis marsh, part of which has been unaffected by any effluent, is dominated by pickerel wood, arrow root, sawgrass and various grasses. Ilic experimental site is located to the north of the sewage treat- ment plant operations as shown in Fig. 1. Each experimental plot is 1/2 acre in size with 148 ft. on a side. They are located in an area of mixed marsh vegetation separated from one another to allow for any possible leakage. The sewage and water in each of the plots is retained on site by means of corrugated fiberglass panels set into the peat and held up by posts 4 ft. apart. The engineering design is shown in Fig. 2. The sewage effluent enters the plot by a PVC pipe with a series of holes to evenly distribute the water in the center of the plot. Currently there is no water leaving the plot on the surface (only evaporation, -; transpiration and percolation through the peat), but when surface water is present, an exit pipe with a recording meter will permit the quantity of water leaving the plot to be measured. The plot interior is undis- turbed except for vegetation sampling sites and sampling wells. Assuming an average 10 mg/1 of P in the sewage effluent, the following loading rates of phosphorus are being used in the 1/2 acre I " . 3 0 D,tj d It-.5 -16 W"LL Q Q P To sea corners of the ponds, as well as any ends of fiberglass,ir, 1 the we entrance, etc., , corrugated redwood strips the shape of the panel will be sealed on both sides. One side to the fiberglass, one side to the 2x4. Phenos eal will also be used to seal any cracks between the 2x4 bracing and filler and the post. Galvanized nails to be used throughout, and aluminum nails with neoprene washers are to be used to fasten the fiberglass to the 2x4 bracing. Figure 2. 3M (2023 m2) exporimontnl plots: 1 1. 4 an/wk (7744 gpd): rate of P - 0.14 gP/m2/day 2. 1.5 in/wk (2904 gpd): rate of 1' - 0.054 gP/m2/day 3. 0.5 in/wk (968 gpd): rate of 11 = 0.018 gP/m2/day 4. 1.5 in/wk (2904 gpd): rate of 1' - 0.000 gP/m2/clay of ground wator (control) Assuming that the average Nitrogen concentration in the effluent is 4.46 mg NO3-N/1 and 3.28 mg NH4-N/1, the nitrogen loading rates are: 1. 4 in/wk rate of N = 0.064gNO3-N/m2/day; 0.044gNH4-N/m2/day 2. 1.5 in/wk rate of N - 0.024gNO3-N/m2/day; O.Ol5gNH4-N/m2/day 3. 0.5 in/wk rate of N = 0.008gNO3-N/m2/day; 0.0055gNH4-N/m2/day 4. 1.5 in/wk of rate of N = 0.0002gNO3=N/m2/day; 0.0002gNH4-N/m2/day ground water (control) Photographs of each of the plots is shown in Fig. 3 after 3 months of effluent applications. The purpose of the data collection is to prepare nitrogen, phosphorus and water budgets for each of the effluent loading rates. In this way the fate of the two main nutrients can be determined within each plot. Nutrients entering and leaving the plot are determined from sampling the influent waters and well waters at the edge of the plots. When surface water is present, the water leaving the plot will be analyzed for the various parameters. Nutrients incorporated in the plant biomass and peat will be determined. Biomass Nutrients Productivity of the marsh biomass throughout the year of each of the experimental plots provides an estimate of the net productivity of the vegetation for each of the loading rates. The plots are sampled quarterly Fig. 3. Photographs of experimental site. 1. - Aerial view of site. 2. - Plot A (1.511/wk. groundwater). 3. - Plot BcL5°/iik. sewage). 4. - Plot C (4"/wk. sewage). S. - Plot D (1.5"/wk sewage). i exeopt during the growing season when more froquent samples are tnken (sae attached schedule Table 2, for the current year). L'nch plot is sampled with at least G replicates. Dry weight of the 1Lving vegetation (stems, loaves, and soma roots) and dead Material will be determined. Littor bugs are used to measure the rate of decomposition of the vegetation. Table 3 presents prolimLnary measurements of the biomass in the experimental site, the unaffoctod marsh near the sawago plot and the marsh currently receiving sewage runoff. Tables 4 Lind 5 reprosoA Moro recent biomass determinations in each of the experimental plots prior to sewage application. Water Budget Rainfall is monitored continuously, as arc the water levels in selected plots. Surface and ground watex'levels are recorded using a Stephen recording hydrograph. Outflow from the plot will be restricted i to one outlet by a fiberglass barrier buried in the peat when water levels rise above the surface. The outflow of water will then be recorded continuously. Lateral and vortical water flows will be calculated if possible. Evapotranspiration is determined by the daily fluctuations in w the water level recorder. Nitrogen Budget Various nitrogen frattions will be measured in rainfall, in. the experimental plot water, in the inflowing sewage and outflowing water. Nitrogen in the ground water is measured in wells at 1`1/2 meter depth. Nitrogen in soil, water, detritus and plants is measured. Decomposition bags determine the rate of breakdown of the various nitrogen compounds. Denitrification and nitrification are measured from the soil and water M Table 2. Clermont Sampling Schedule (April 1977 - May 1978, proposod datos) 811 - Biomass Harvest WS - Water Snmples, surface and ground water 1977 April 24 811 (includos roots) Juno 1 WS June 29 WS July 8 811 July 27-28 Lake Productivity Measurement August 3 IVS August 11 8H (includes roots) August 31 WS Sept 15 DH Sept 28 WS October 6 811 October 26 WS November 30 WS December 7 SH December 28 WS 1978 January 25 WS February 15 8H March 1 WS March 29 WS April 12 SH April 21 IVS N n' Crr I� (D rye�-•• SU CD A are, p' Qr N N �p91 io N• N• P. N n PN (1t1D� M N a 0/ Dl Dim H In W N. N P. •t7 v � '� n � W 41 Or J O V M N O N O N O N IA-r A V N T O0 W A O O A N . ty+ A P Ow 00 O w O% N Fr'• N P• 0 O w D G N to w W N C+ O In rrt V W OOD W W I-+ H V1 rt O` O 0o N Or p E O . w CA Fh N V W A N N HI w N V M A F+ N p N N N fif (D Or 00 W O frt C W N H M rt W N H N IV-i O OWD W O Nr Oho W A A O N It N D ol N W M r N W Or N Or N 0o W W A A U A N Oo A N V W V1 N N N A N O N V W A Oo rn N A w H 7 W W r V N A O W W J p O OC N O Oo A W N H W Or tp 41 A N fT Q. W In F O A W O A N O I-• V N A A V A A J �t W� o• M ro 41 m O I N O M a { NL a w N n N• cn 9 J a rD H IN• O 01 0 N H �N O � W r W O W 00 N 0 to N (D 7 rt n Oyy F'• N. O O N Table 4. Biomass of marsh plants in experimental plots prior to start of sowago application, 4-25-77. (n - 6) Plot Total Live (g/m2) Dead Total X S.D. T S.[:— A 217.6 4.4 611.6 99.6 829.2 99.6 B 218.0 22.8 496.4 63.6 714.4 78.0 c 242.0 8.8 478.4 32.0 720.4 36.8 D 212.8 16.8 536.8 28.0 749.6 36.0 Table S. Species eompo::ition of marsh in each plot (4-25-77). Total 1 vo biomass Plot Species p U C D Sasittaria lancifolin 35 22 19 31 Sagittaria sp. 7 G 6 1 Pontoderia cordata 28 52 58 hl all CUM sp. 22 7 8 17 Mixture of Sa ittarin sp. and Ponte cria sp. Hibiscus sp. other species 7 9 9 1 4 <1 surface by Dr, Donald Grnotz of thb'Uoplinmu nt of Sell Science, Institute of flood and Agricultural Scloncos, Unlvorslty of Florida. Pliospluorus 'Total phosphorus and orthophosphate are meusurod In the rainfall, ground water, and sewage inflow. Phosphorus in the outflow from the plots will be measured when water levels permit. '11io phosphorus stored in the plants, detritus and soil are measured. Analyses of the break- down of phosphorus is made from docomposition bags. SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUNn AND'rPoINICAL REFERENCES Many regulatory agencies are now requiring that nutrients in secondary effluents, notably nitrogen and phosphorus, be removed before the effluents are allowed to intermingle with natural waterways and lakes. however, the use of a high technology treatment process, such as chemical precipitation for phosphorus removal, can be very expensive. In many cases, more reasonable alternatives exist and should be closely examined. For example, agricultural systems can use secondary effluent as a source of water as well as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (Sopper and Kardos, 1973). Applying secondary effluent to wetlands swamps can be a very effective method for removing nitrogen and phosphorus (Odum, 1975; Boyt,et al., 1977). The critical factor for the reuse of secondarily treated wastewater is the amount of effluent, the type of natural system, and the area of land that is available in the community. Agricultural systems have been used for many years to receive municipal sewage waste. Tallahassee, Florida, has been putting its municipal wastes on pine forested 16 agricultural land for several years. 1110 prlmnry ronult of this work Ilan been to increasu the growth of pines. Soppor nail Kardos (1973) havo sewage on various agricultural crops and studied the use of municipal t have concluded that this is a beneficial way to roduco pollutional loads and to reduce the nutriont loadings in the effluent waters. Ono of the primary disadvantages in the use of agricultural systems for disposal of municipal sewage is thu largo volumes of water that carry the nutrients. Etost agricultural systems are not adapted to receive largo volumes of water, and indeed most agricultural crops can tolerate only limited amounts of water in addition Ao the normal rainfall. Therefore, many of the problems that have been associated with agricultural systems have been due to the volume of water that was added. Wetlands systems in Florida are particularly well adapted to receiving sewage wastes. They have the advantage of being already adapted to excess water and fluctuating water tables. The vegetation can take up the nutrients that are introduced along with the water. There are many types of wetland systems in Florida, tile 'two primary ones being swamp systems, which are composed of large trees; and marsh systems, which support perennial and annual vegetation, bad normally do not contain large trees. A large project is currently underway in Florida to study the effect of secondarily treated municipal wastes in cypress swamps (Odum et al., 1975). This study thus far has indicated that the cypress swamp can receive troutea municipal sewage and take up many of the nutrients without adverse effects. Recently completed is a study of sewage uptake by a swamp system for the municipality of Wildwood, which has been dumping its wastes into a swamp ecosystem for over 20 years (Bayley, Zoltek, and Boyt, 1975; 17 8ayt,ot al., 1977). Ilils swamp roducos the nutrient concentrations 'that are introduced with the wastewater to below the normal concentra- tions found in swamp waters in a similar swamp. Tree growth in the wastewater swamps has boon greater than in area,, not receiving sewage wastes. 'ilia data ,indicates that swamps can indeed receive municipal socondarily treated wastewater with no adverse effects, and in fact have a beneficial offect by increasing troo growth. i Marsh systems have not been as extensively studied as swamp wetlands. Marsh systems included sawgrass, willow, wet prairie and slough i vegetation (arrow root and pickeral weed). Although there have been few formal studies to show the uptake of nutrients by a particular marsh community, there have been a number of studies which have shown that marsh plants do take up nutrients to some extent (Gleason, 1974; Boyd, 1969; Steward and Ornes, 1975; Kadlec,at al., 1.975; Valeila,at al., 1975; Burns, 1975). The preliminary measurements from the Clermont marsh indicate that the mean biomass of the marsh adjacent to the sewage plant receiving high sewage runoff was 477.7 g/m2 + S& 74.8. An adjacent marsh which receives no sewage has a much lower biomass (X = 247 g/m2 + SE 35.3). Ilia loading rates selected here represent the range of possible loading rates indicated in the literature. The high value of .145 g P/m2- day was higher than most of those in the literature and so represents the upper level. Ilia lower value (.018 g P/m2-day) represents the level that a marsh could take up over a long time period as indicated by a modelling study of the Kissimee marsh (Burns, 1975). '[lie middle value (.054 g P/m2-day) represents an intermediate value that is closer to most of the literature values. l ti EXPERIMENTAL DATA A. Chomlcal Analysis of Surface Water and Ground Water -- Monthly 1. Nitrogen a. Total nitrogen b. Organic and inorganic nitrogen c. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen 2. Phosphorus a. rotal phosphorus b. Organic phosphorus c. Orthophosphorus 3. PH and temperature 4. Suspended solids S. Total organic carbon G. Calcium, aluminum manganese and iron (not monthly) B. Chemical Analysis Made at Prescribed 'Times, but not Monthly 1. Denitrification rate from water and soil surface 2. Nitrification rato C. Hydrologic Moasurements 1. Water levels within plot -- continuous monitoring. This provides ET value. 2. Sewage inflow 3. Water outflow -- continuous monitoring if possible 4. Rainfall D. Biological Measurements tation -- biomass quarterly except 1. Net productivity of marsh vege monthly in growing season (May -October) — -- 2. Nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus) of leaves, stems, and some roots and soil 3. Litterfall -- with litter bags 4. Decomposition rates -- with decomposition bags MODELLING using collected data for validation, computer models will be made of the marsh, water.,and nutrient system to help predict the effect of long term application of effluent on the marsh. Particular emphasis will be paid to increased deposition of peat due to high nutrient levels. Various management options such as burning or grazing will be manipulated on the computer to help provide management recommendations for marsh wetlands. 19 L.ITHRAIORE Ci'1'1!II Bayley, S.R., J. Zoltek, and F.L. Onyt. 1975. Removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewator by wotlnnd vegetation. Report to thu City of 111.1dwood, Florida. (;enter for Wetlands, Gainesville, Florida. Boyd, C.R. 1969, Production, mineral nutrient absorption, and bio- chomlCitl assimilation by Justleal amoricana and Alternanthern nhiloxoroides. Arch. llydroblol, 66:139-160. noyt, F.L., S.R. Bayley, and J. Zoltok. 1977. Removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewator by wotlnnd vegetation. J. Water poll. Cont. Fed. 49(5):789-799. Burns, L. 1975. Kissimmee Rivor Fioodplan Marsh Model. In: F.G. Nordlio and T. Gayle (ods.) Witter Quality Models for Understanding Potential Eutrophication in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Report to D.P.C. and Division of State Planning. p. 502-533. Gleason, P.J. 1974. Environments of South Florida: present and past. Miami Geological Society, 4600 Rickenbacker Cuaseway, Miami, Fla. 33149. 452 pp. Kadlec, R.H., J.A. Kadlec, E.J. Richardson, and D.L. 'Tilton.1975. The effects of sewage effluent on wetland ecosystems. Semi-annual report No. 4. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Odum, H.T., and K.C. Ewel. 1975. Cypress wetlands for water management, recycling and conservation. Annual Report to the National Science Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation. Center for Wetlands University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. 817 pp. Sopper, W., and L. Kardos (eds.). 1973. Recycling treated municipal wastewater and sludge through forest and cropland. Penn. State Univ. Press, University Park. 436 pp. Steward, K.K. and U.H. Ornes. 1975. Assessing a marsh environment for wastewater renovation. J. Wat. Poll. Cont. Fed. 47:1380-1891. Valeila, J., J. Teal, and 11. Sass. 1975. Production and dynamics of salt marsh vegetation and the effects of experimental treatments with sewage sludge. J. Appl. Ecol. 12:973-982. 20 REFERENCES Ball, R.C. 1975. A facility for 'rucycling treated wastewater. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Runovation and Recycling of Wastewater through Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems. Institute of Water Research. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Bayley, S. 1975. Freshwater marshes. In Currying Capacity for Man a and Nature in South Florida. li.'r. OTium and M.T. Brown (ods.). Center for Wetlands, Gainesville, Fla. Boyd, C.E. 1968. Freshwater plants: a potential source of protein. Econ. Dot. 22:359-368. _ 1970a. Chemical analyses of some vascular aquatic plants. Arch. Hydrohiol. 67:78-85. 1970b. Production, mineral accumulation and pigment concen- trations in Typha latifolia.and Scir us americanus. Bull. 'Torrey Bot. Club. 98:144-150. 1970c: Losses of mineral nutrients during decomposition of 7y�lta latifolia. Arch Hydrohiol. 66:511-517. 1971a. The dynamics of dry matter and chemical substances in a Juncus effusus population. Am. Midl. Nat. 86:28-45. 1971b. Further studies on productivity nutrient and pigment relationships in Typha latifolia populations. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 98:144-150. Bradbury, J.K., and G. Hofstra. 1976. Vegetation death and its importance in primary production measurements. Ecology 57:209-211. Broadbent, F.E., and D. Pal. 1975. Nitrification and denitrification in soils receiving municipal wastewater. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Renovation and Recycling of Wastewater through Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems. Inst. of Water Research. Mich. State University, East Lansing. Davis, J.N. 1947. The peat deposits of Florida, their occurrence, development and uses. Geological Bulletin No. 30. Fla. Dept. Conserv. Fla. Geol. Surv., Tallahassee, Fla. 247 pp. Engler, R.N., and W.H. Patrick, Jr. 1974. Nitrate removal from flood- water overlying flooded soils and sediments. J. of Env. Quality, 3:409-413. Florida Department of Administration. 1975. Florida General Soils Atlas for Regional Planning Districts V and VI. Div. of State Planning, Bureau of Comprehensive Planning, Tallahassee, Fla. 21 Qorloff, C.C., and P.11. Krombholz, 1966. Ti.ssuo analysis ns a measure of nutrient availability for the growth of anglosporm nquatic plants. Limnol. and Ocean., 11:529-537. 11ofsetter, R.H., and F. Persons. 1975. An ecological study of the effects of fire on the wet• prairie, sawgrass glados and pinoland communities of South Florida. Dept, of Biol., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. Jervis, R.A. 1969. Primary production in the freshwater marsh ecosystem of 'Troy Meadows, N.J. Dull. 'Torrey Rot. Club. 96:209-231. Kadlec, J.A. 1976. Dissolved nutrients in it poatland near Houghton Lake, Michigan. In: Freshwater Wetlands and Sewage Effluent Disposal. 'Tilton D.L., R.N. Kadlec, ❑nd C.11. Richardson (ods.) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 343 pp. Lee, G.G. 1970. Factors affecting the transfer of materials between water and sediments. Literature Review No. 1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Water Resources Center. 51 pp. Lee, G.P., E. Bentley, and R. Amundson. 1970, Effect of marshes on water quality. Univ. of Wisconsin, Water Chemistry Program, Madison, Wisc. 53706. Lieth, 11. 1975. Primary productivity of the major vegetation units of the world. In: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. -- Lieth, N., and R.H. Whittaker (eds.). Springer-Verlag. New ` York. 339 pp. Lindsley, D., T. Schuck, and F. Stearns. 1975. Productivity and nutrient j contents of emergent macrophytes in two Wisconsin marshes. In: Freshwater Wetlands and Sewage Effluent Disposal. Tilton, D.L. R.H. Kadlec, and C.J. Richardson (eds.). Univ, of Michigan, Ann I Arbor. 343 pp. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1974. Climates of the states, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of ecology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 574 pp. Odum, E.P., and de la Cruz, A. 1967. Particulate organic detritus in a Georgia salt -marsh estuarine ecosystem. In: Estuaries. G.N. Lauff (ed.). Washington, AAAS. 755 pp. Richardson, C.J., W.A. Wentz, J.P.N. Chamie, J.A. Kadlec, and D.L. Tilton. 1976. Plant growth, nutrient accumulation and decomposition in a central Michigan peatland used for effluent disposal. In: Freshwater wetland and Sewage Effluent Disposal.. Tilton, D.L., R.R. Kadlec, and C.J. Richardson (eds). Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Robinson, D.W., and J.G.D. Lamb.' 1975. Peat in horticulture. Academic Press, New York. 170 pp. zz l Sokal, R.R., and P.J. Rohlf. 1969. Dlometry. 11,11. Frooman. San Francisco. 776'pp. Whigham, D.V., and R.L. Simpson. 1975. Sawago spray irrigation in a Dolawaro River freshwater tidal marsh. In: Freshwater Wetlands and Sowage Effluont Disposal. Tilton, U.L., D.li. Kadlec and C.J. Richardson Cods.). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,. Wiogort, R.G., and P.C. Evans. 1964. Primary production and the disappearance of dead vegetation in an old field in southeastern Michigan. Ecology 45:49-63 23 BUDGET 15 Months Salarlo:: and Wages J. Zoltok (13.34%'FTE - 15 Months) $ 4,669.00 S. Bayley (10% FTE - 15 Months) 2,875.00 Socrotarial-Clorical (100% - 2 months) 1,470.00 Student Wages and Casual Labor 22,080.00 Subtotal $31,094.00 Fringo Benefits 1,640.00 Total Salaries', Wages and Fringe Benefits* '.'$33,734.00 Overhead at 51% 16,694.00 Subtotal $49,428.00 Consultant - Virus Analysis 500.00 Permanent Equipment 1,500.00 Expenses: Travel Report Publication Expendable Supplies, Matckinls, Telephone, Postage, etc. Dept. Administrative Assessment at $8/FTE/Qtr on Career Service Personnel TOTAL Funding EPA 75% Clermont 2596 h�l ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, AUGUST 23, 1977 GENERAL FUND A & L Automotive Service Armstrong Smith Paints Bob Wade Ford Bureau of Business Practice Burroughs Corp. Cal Hagstrom Clemonts' Clermont Hardware & Supply Colonial Chry-Ply. Crest Restaurant Dust -Pox Service Ed Ravin Auto Parts Fla. Telephone Corp. Fla. Power Corp. Maddens Elect. Service Orlando Paving Co. Rally Chry-Ply. W. M. 'Peal Valbro Business Forms UTILITIES DEPARTMENT B & 11 Sales Chemical Equip Service Clermont Hardware & Supply Deep Venture Diving Service Delta Scientific Fla. Telephone Corp. Fla. Power Corp. Harry P. Lou, Inc. Maddens Elect. Service Orlando Paving Co. (Tube) (Paint) (Repair Seal•) (Pouters) (Office Supplion) (Office Supplies) (Pont Control) (Hardware Supplion) (Muffler & Pipe) (Prisoner Meals) (Janitoral Supplies) (Wrecker Service) (Utilities) (Utilities) (Repair Ice Machine) (Asphalt) (Brake Pads & Shoes) (Petroleum Products) (Office Supplies) (Inventory Supplies) (Repair Chlorinator-Grnnd Highway Well) (Rope) (Video Tape -Seminole Well) (Filters) (Utilities) (Utilities) (V-S Belts) (Repair Pump Control) (Asphalt) 3.76 46.44 45.76 15.15 25.20 82.45 10.00 10.14 62.56 80.40 24.20 50.00 464.84 5251.39 42.45 " 99.40 27.15 727.97 11.11 7080.37 52.00 95.05 6.00 40.00'''` 121.28 82.42 3725.40 158.05 `r+ 16.50 -i 46.56 4343.20