H.Russell Fogler Ph.D1032 N.W. 94th Street
Gainesville, Florida 32601
November 15, 1975
Mr. Robert M. Hopkins
City Manager
City of Clermont
1 West Gate Plaza
Clermont, Florida 32711
Dear Bob:
I am happy that you and the City Council have accepted me as
a consultant. As an initial task, I have drawn up the tentative set
of guidelines which you requested. During your consideration of
the guidelines, the following specific points should be kept in
mind:
(a) The purpose of guidelines is to set appropriate ranges
for different types of investments for long-term
policy. These guidelines should be changed very
infrequently, although the City Council might make specific
authorizations for a given year (example: keep 20% in
short-term securities until the prime rate drops below
10% and either the Consumer or Wholesale Price Indexes
drop for two consecutive months);
(b) The percentage ranges proposed in the guidelines have
been developed because of the low liquidity needs of
Clermont's General Employee Fund; if pension payments
were to rise drastically in proportion to cash inflows
(contributions, dividends, and interest), the percentage
range for common stock should be lowered, however, this
will not occur within the next several years;
(c) It is recommended that Preferred Stocks be avoided;
preferred stocks pay a divident yield generally slightly
higher than the yield on medium-quality bonds; however,
during difficult times, if this dividend is dropped,
little is available in terms of legal recourse; for
example, Avco chose to pass its preferred dividend
during the recent liquidity crisis; if income and "ufcty
are desired, bonds should be purchased instead; if a
Mr. Robert M. Hopkins
November 15, 1974
Page Two
more risky posture is desired, common stock is
appropriate; a preferred stock has the worst features
of both--no appreciation potential and risk of no fixed
income--with only a slight offset in yield;
(d)
Changes in portfolio composition to achieve the new
guidelines should be achieved via new contributions not
sales of present holdings; two exceptions to this are
the NCNB Bonds which have inadequate call protection and
the Norton Simon Preferred Stock; these two issues
should be sold when market conditions improve, but not
now;
(e) These guidelines are for the General Employees' Fund,
not for the Firemen and Policemen Funds; presently the
small size of these latter funds suggest that invest-
ments in Treasury Bills and savings accounts is rea-
sonable; as they become slightly larger, we can explore
the possibility of first moving to several no-load-mutual
funds, and then to a set of guidelines similar to the
General Fundi
(f) The above guidelines were established assuming that
cash contributions will be made at regular planned
intervals; this requirement allows the trustee to
accumulate funds for periods of market decline; further,
it insures periodic review of pension contributions by
the City Council.
I have taken the trouble to list the above considerations
because they are an integral part of the guidelines. I hope that
you will attach these comments to your file on the Guidelines so
that future Council members may be aware of these thoughts.
Again, I am glad to be working for Clermont, and I look
forward to hearing from you after the Council has read the enclosed
draft.
Sincerely,
H. Russell Fogler, Ph.D.
HRF: lrd
Enc.
Statement of Investment Authorization
The fallowing rules provide investment guidelines for th0 l~qal
trustee of the City of Clermont's General Employee Hetircment Fund.
The rules contain certain limits which the trustee must not violate.
Within these limits, the trustee is allowed discretionary authority,
unless otherwise authorized by the City of Clermont.
Savings Accounts and Short-term Securities.
The total funds invested in Saving Accounts and Short-term
(two year maturity or less) Securities should be between 0% and 20%
of the total market value of the portfolio. Not more than lO% of
the total portfolio should be in savings accounts. These savings
accounts should be in the financial institution offering the highest
yield on passbook savings and insurance by the federal government.
The actual percentage should vary in a way to allow security
purchases during periods of market decline. Short-term securities
could include either Treasury Bills and/or purchase of a no-load
short-term money mutual fund managed by any of the ten largest
national investment firms. Because of the size of the Clermon~
fund, inadequate diversification would occur if individual purchases
of bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper were undertaken,
and thus these should not be directly invested in.
Fixed Income Securities.
Fixed Income Securities (Bonds) should be between 25% and 35%
of the total market value of the portfolio and:
(a) rated "A" or higher by both Moody's and Standard and
Poor's;
(b) have adequate protection against being called if interest
rates drop;
(c) maturities will be evenly staggered over a range up to
twenty-five year maturity;
(d) new purchases should be in the longest maturity (twenty-
five years) after an initial evenly staggered portfolio
has been developed;
(e) be well diversified between industrial, utility, and
financial issues.
Common Stocks
Common stocks should be between 50% and 70% of the total market
value of the portfolio; they should be bought for above average
appreciation and long-term inflation protection. Also, the following
portfolio policy should be followed:
(a) at least 90% of the common stocks should be in well-
established companies with a dividend history of at least
the last eight consecutive years and sales of at least
$300 million;
(b) not more than 10% of the companies should be of a risk
class such as are often called "emerging growth stocks"
or "small growth companies" and such investment should
be made only in companies with sales over $lOO million.
(c) all stocks in both of the above categories should be listed
on the New York Stock Eschange;
(d) the 90% in well-established companies should maintain an
approximate composition of 50% high quality growth and
40% high quality-low price/earnings ratio industrials.
The word "low" is relative to the average market price-
earnings ratio and should be interpreted as ratios below
or within two points of the price/earnings ratio of the
Standard and Poor's Average; naturally, this limit can be
violated as a result of individual stock price movements,
but not as a result of purchases;
(e) between 15 and 25 stocks should be in the portfolio, with
not more than lO% of the common stock portfolio invested
in anyone stock;
(f) at least 15 different industries should be represented,
with no single industry comprising more than lO% of the
common stock portfolio;
(g) buy-and-sell turnover should not exceed 20% ever, and
should be below 5% on the average.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stocks should not be purchased.